Reciprocity is a concept used in cultural anthropology, economics and sociology. In anthropology, it refers to a relationship of obligatory gift-giving and mutual support. In Japanese, the term “reciprocity” is also used.
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Reciprocity is characterized by group symmetry. The movement of goods and services between groups promotes give-and-take and creates interdependence.
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Karl Polanyi identified reciprocity as one of the main patterns of social integration, along with redistribution and exchange. Marshall Sahlins added to the analysis by classifying reciprocity into three categories: generalized reciprocity, which is common among close relatives; balanced reciprocity, which is an equivalent exchange; and negative reciprocity, which is common in adversarial relationships. reciprocity - Wikipedia
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