International Encyclopedia Britannica, Sub-encyclopedia, Relativism
- absolutism against.
- Recognition, a position that teaches relativity of value.
In the history of philosophy, it was first asserted by Gorgias, Protagoras, and other sophists, and Protagorasās assertion that āMan is the measure of all thingsā expresses that knowledge and value are only relative in relation to the individual. The position of Protagoras is subjective relativism.
Relativism can be associated with scepticism because it does not recognize the ability to fit into any situation of knowledge, value, and
- Theology, critical of metaphysics, and in the Renaissance and modern period, M. Montaigne of moralism, T. Hobbes. of utilitarianism, J. Locke and D. Hume of empiricism, skeptical relativism. J. Locke and D. Hume took the position of skeptical relativism from the standpoint of empiricism.
- I. Kant is a critical relativist in that he recognizes the relativity of empirical cognition from the standpoint of transcendental philosophy and explains inborn cognition.
- In the 19th and 20th centuries, A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, W. dill tile (mahjong) in the philosophy of life, J. P. Sartre (French philosopher Sartre) in existentialism, W. James. James. and others take the position of relativism.
- In the new Kantian school, existence and value were distinguished, and the relativity of value was taught.
- With regard to value, there is the position of ethical relativism, which holds that the criteria of right and wrong are only relatively valid.
- Note that dialectical materialism recognizes the relativity of truth, but is distinguished from so-called relativism in that it aims at approaching absolute truth.
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