- Unexpected Success or failure is the observed fact that one’s past understanding and reality are at odds. Therefore, Learning Opportunities = opportunities to revise (e.g. of a rule, regulation, etc.) the discrepancy between understanding and reality. And when the understanding is revised, the best policy based on the old understanding is different from the best policy based on the new understanding, so a change of policy (pivot) will take place. A good situation is one in which the process from “unforeseen event” to “change of policy” occurs quickly, but there are often factors that prevent this from happening. If evaluation is done at the rate of achievement of the plan at the beginning of the year, and the results of actions not in the plan are not evaluated, there will be no motivation for the change of policy.
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