nomadic hunter-gatherer - pure gift and reciprocal gift - Marcel Morse - reciprocity of a gift - Marshall Sahlins - hunter-gatherer society - pure gift - joint deposit - Emorya believes that the principle of reciprocity was formed after settlement - Thought experiment on [nomadic hunter-gatherer - Drifting Bands - 25-50 persons - Joint deposition of food = equal distribution - Joint hunting - Constant movement makes it impossible to stockpile the harvest - Distribute because there is no point in owning. The Settlement Revolution
- Reciprocity principle that avoids the state
- Gordon Child
- Neolithic Revolution
- Emaya: “The idea that agriculture led to settlement is dubious.”
- Hunter-gatherers also settle
- Cases where settlement did not result in accumulation of products and inequality of wealth and power
- A mechanism was invented to prevent
- That’s reciprocity of a gift.
- We call this the “settlement revolution.”
- Clan society is not a prelude to state formation, but an attempt to circumvent the path to state society.
- Advanced Society
- The Way Beyond the State
- How can we introduce reciprocity without relying on God’s commands? - Freud “Totems and taboos”
- Gordon Child
- Reciprocity as “the return of the oppressed.”
- original father killed
- The original father never existed.
- Family bonding was fragile.
- Nation = Original Father
- Prevent this formation
- totemism
- repetition of the original father-killer
- Freud thought the murdered original father would regress.
- Emorya considered the mobility lost by settlement, and the freedom and equality it brings Two Kinds of Nomads
- original father killed
- Farming and cattle raising emerged in the original city.
- child
- Agriculture and cattle raising → expansion of productive forces → urban development → class decomposition → state
- The Economics of the City],” Jayne Jacobs.
- reverse
- Agriculture began in “the original city”
- The “original city” began as a place of trade between communities.
- Trade → original city → information accumulation → agriculture
- Emaya supports this hypothesis.
- Tadao Umesao “The World of Hunting and Nomadism”
- Criticizes the idea that cattle ranching occurred as a development of husbandry
- Sheep, for example, are herding animals that live in herds on grasslands.
- Occurred in the meadows.
- Karaya: invented in the original city where information accumulates
- Agriculture and cattle raising invented
- Differentiation between farmers and nomads
- Nomads left the original city and became nomadic.
- Restored the nomadic nature that was present in nomadic hunter-gatherers.
- Nomads and farmers have a division of labor.
- Farmers and Trade
- As a merchant, trade with the community
- People on the move connect people who settle down. だね
- As a merchant, trade with the community
- People on the move connect people who settle down. だね
- child
- Nomads form a nation
- Nomads conquer and subjugate farmers.
- State Formation
- Exchange of protection for obedience
- interchange format B
- No absolute authority arises from within the community.
- External conquests are necessary for a kingdom to be established
- Even if conquest does not take place, defense against the threat of conquest creates a collectivized state.
- Nomads are between communities and infiltrate them through commerce and war
- Nomadic nomadism is exchange modes B and C, not A
- [Mountain People]
- Nomads conquer and subjugate farmers.
- Nomadology cannot transcend state and capital.
- Deleuze & Guattari “A Thousand Plateaus” Nomadology.
- State vs. war machine.
- Hoping to dismantle the Cold War structure.
- Ideologizing to justify the empire of capital, [neoliberalism
- A new type of nomad
- With this kind of playfulness, you can’t go beyond capital=nation=state.
- The clue to transcend is hunter-gatherer nomadism.
- That is the exchange style D
- Comes compulsively as a “regression of the repressed” as was the case with Exchange Form A.
- Kunio Yanagida
- Yanagida worked all his life on the nomadic nature of pre-settlement
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