The tree is an orderly and beautiful way of thinking and provides a simple and clear way to divide a complex whole into units, but it does not do justice to the structure of a naturally formed city, nor does it depict the structure of the city as we need it to be. - Cities are not trees. Christopher Alexander.

  • Is not naturally formed “knowledge” likewise (Christmas) tree?
  • Only those composed top down by one or a few people are trees
  • A tree is not a tree if a lot of people have come together to make it.
    • If you try to describe it as if it were a tree, you distort it.
  • Made top-down v.s. made by many → Monastery and Bazaar like metaphor

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