References http://www.sanosemi.com/biztech/document/first-mover_vs_follower.pdf The costs paid by the first mover are called pioneer costs. Porter, Strategies for Competitive Advantage, p.235

  • (1) Obtain regulatory approvals from administrative authorities
  • (2) Achievement of legal code compliance
  • (iii) Buyer education
    1. Development of infrastructure infrastructure such as service facilities and training
  • (5) Development of needed inputs such as raw material sources and new types of machinery
  • (6) Investments in the development of complementary products
  • High cost of initial resource early inputs due to scarcity of supply or small scale of needs

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