BELOW_IS_LESS_INTERESTING
ãã€ãžã§ã¹ã
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãžã§ãŒã ãºã®ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãã¯8ã€ã®è¬çŸ©ããæããå²åŠã®çŸç¶ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®æå³ãã¡ã¿ãã£ãžãã¯ã¹ã®åé¡ãäžãšå€ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšåžžèãçç芳ããã¥ãŒãããºã ãå®æãšã®é¢ä¿ãæ¢æ±ããããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯å®èšŒäž»çŸ©ãšåç䞻矩ã®èª¿åè ãšããŠææ¡ãããççã¯ä¿¡å¿µã®åã§ãããççéã®è¡çªã解æ¶ãããç©è³ªãç¥ãèšèšãèªç±æå¿ãªã©ã®ã¡ã¿ãã£ãžãã¯ã¹ã®åé¡ããã©ã°ããã£ãã¯ã«èå¯ããããããã®åé¡ã«ããã代æ¿æ¡ãäœãçŽæããããéèŠã§ãããå²åŠãå šäœæ§ãæ±ããããšãäžçãå€ãã®æ¹æ³ã§äžã€ã§ããããšã説æããç¥èã®æé·ãå å²æ代ã®ç¥å ãçºèŠããåžžèæŠå¿µã説æãããççã¯çŸå®ãšã®äžèŽãã€ãŸãæ€èšŒå¯èœæ§ãçµéšãéããŠæã ãæåãããèœåãæå³ããççãæé·ããããšã説æãããæ°ããççãèæ ®ããªããã°ãªããªãäžã€ã®çŸå®æ§ã絶察çã«ç¬ç«ããçŸå®ãèŠã€ãã«ããããšã人éã®è²¢ç®ãéåšããäžãããããã®ãæ§ç¯ããããšã説æãããæåŸã«ã絶察çãªæçšæ§ãäžçã®ææžã®äºã€ã®èŠç¹ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãæ¹å䞻矩ã§ããããšãæã ãçŸå®ãåµé ã§ããããšã説æããã
æèŠã»æ·±ãæèã»è³ªå
ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯äºå®ãšå®æãåç䞻矩ãšå®èšŒäž»çŸ©ã®éã®èª¿åè ãšããŠã®åœ¹å²ãæãããããã®èª¿åã®ããã»ã¹ã解決çã®çµ±åæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ確ã§ã¯ãªãããŸãããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®çç芳ã¯ççãçµéšãéããŠæã ãæåãããèœåãæå³ããããããã¯ççã®æ®éæ§ãåŠå®ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒççãæé·ãããšããèãæ¹ã¯ãççãæéãšãšãã«å€åãããšããæå³ãªã®ãïŒãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšãã¥ãŒãããºã ã®é¢ä¿æ§ã«ã€ããŠãèå¯ãå¿ èŠã§ããããŸãããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšå®æã®é¢ä¿æ§ã«ã€ããŠãèå¯ãå¿ èŠã§ããããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯æ¹å䞻矩ã§ãããæã ãçŸå®ãåµé ã§ãããšäž»åŒµããããããã¯ç¥ã®åœ¹å²ã人éã«ç§»ããšããæå³ãªã®ãïŒããã¯å®æçãªèŠç¹ãšã©ã®ããã«èª¿åããã®ãïŒ
ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ããšã®é¢é£æ§
Nishioã®ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãã¯ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®è¬çŸ©IIãšIIIã«é¢é£ããŠãããè¬çŸ©IIã§ã¯ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®æ¹æ³è«ãšççè«ã«ã€ããŠãè¬çŸ©IIIã§ã¯åœ¢èäžåŠçåé¡ã®ãã©ã°ããã£ãã¯ãªèå¯ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããã®ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãã¯ç§ã®ç 究ããŒããšé¢é£æ§ãããããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®ç解ãæ·±ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã
extra info
titles: PRAGMATISM, ãŒãããäžž, Hatena2009-06-02, PAST re, Hatena2013-02-03 generated: 2023-08-18 02:55
previous notes
ð€PRAGMATISM
ãã€ãžã§ã¹ã
ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãžã§ãŒã ãºã®ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãã¯ãå²åŠã®çŸåšã®ãžã¬ã³ãããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®æå³ãã¡ã¿ãã£ãžãã¯ã¹ã®åé¡ãäžãšå€ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšåžžèããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®çç芳ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšãã¥ãŒãããºã ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšå®æãšãã8ã€ã®è¬çŸ©ããæãã
è¬çŸ©Iã§ã¯ãå šãŠã®äººãå²åŠãæã¡ãæ°è³ªãå²åŠã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšãå®èšŒäž»çŸ©ãå®æãæ¬ ããåç䞻矩ãäºå®ãæ¬ ãããšãææããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯ãããã調åããã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠææ¡ãããã
è¬çŸ©IIã§ã¯ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãæ¹æ³è«ãšããŠã®æŽå²ãšç¹æ§ãåç䞻矩ãç¥è䞻矩ãšã®å¯Ÿæ¯ãçççè«ãšããŠã®ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã説æãççã¯ä¿¡å¿µã®åã§ãããççéã®è¡çªããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã解æ¶ããã
è¬çŸ©IIIã§ã¯ãç©è³ªãç©è³ªäž»çŸ©ãç¥ãèšèšãèªç±æå¿ãšãã£ãã¡ã¿ãã£ãžãã¯ã¹ã®åé¡ããã©ã°ããã£ãã¯ã«èå¯ãããããã®åé¡ã«ããã代æ¿æ¡ãäœãçŽæããããéèŠã§ããã
è¬çŸ©IVã§ã¯ãå²åŠãçµ±äžæ§ã ãã§ãªãå šäœæ§ãæ±ããããšãäžçãå€ãã®æ¹æ³ã§äžã€ã§ããããšãäžã€ã®èµ·æºãäžã€ã®ç®çãäžã€ã®ç©èªãäžã€ã®èªèè ãšãã£ãæŠå¿µããã©ã°ããã£ãã¯ã«èå¯ã
è¬çŸ©Vã§ã¯ãç¥èã®æé·ãå å²æ代ã®ç¥å ãçºèŠããåžžèæŠå¿µãç§åŠçã»å²åŠçãªæ¹å€ç段éãšåžžèãšã®æ¯èŒã説æã
è¬çŸ©VIã§ã¯ãççãšã¯çŸå®ãšã®äžèŽãã€ãŸãæ€èšŒå¯èœæ§ãçµéšãéããŠæã ãæåãããèœåãæå³ããããšãççãæé·ããããšã説æã
è¬çŸ©VIIã§ã¯ãççã®æŠå¿µãæ°ããççãèæ ®ããªããã°ãªããªãäžã€ã®çŸå®æ§ã絶察çã«ç¬ç«ããçŸå®ãèŠã€ãã«ããããšã人éã®è²¢ç®ãéåšããäžãããããã®ãæ§ç¯ããããšã説æã
è¬çŸ©VIIIã§ã¯ã絶察çãªæçšæ§ãäžçã®ææžã®äºã€ã®èŠç¹ããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãæ¹å䞻矩ã§ããããšãæã ãçŸå®ãåµé ã§ããããšããªãäœããååšããªããã°ãªããªãã®ããåµé åã®éžæã®ä»®å®ãå¥åº·çãªåçãšç çãªåçãåªãããšå³ããã®å®æã®ã¿ã€ãã説æã
æèŠã»æ·±ãæèã»è³ªå
ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯ãäºå®ãšå®æãåç䞻矩ãšå®èšŒäž»çŸ©ã®éã®èª¿åè ãšããŠã®åœ¹å²ãæããããããããã®èª¿åã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ã©ã®ããã«è¡ãããã®ãïŒãŸãããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãæäŸãã解決çã¯ããããã®å¯Ÿç«ããèŠç¹ãã©ã®ããã«çµ±åããã®ãïŒ
ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®çç芳ã¯ãççãçµéšãéããŠæã ãæåãããèœåãæå³ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããããããã®å®çŸ©ã¯ççã®æ®éæ§ãåŠå®ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒãŸããççãæé·ãããšããèãæ¹ã¯ãççãæéãšãšãã«å€åãããšããæå³ãªã®ãïŒ
ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšãã¥ãŒãããºã ã®é¢ä¿æ§ã«ã€ããŠæ·±ãèããå¿ èŠãããããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯äººéã®è²¢ç®ãéåšããäžãããããã®ãæ§ç¯ãããšäž»åŒµããããããã¯ãã¥ãŒãããºã ã®èŠç¹ãšã©ã®ããã«é¢é£ããŠããã®ãïŒ
ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ãšå®æã®é¢ä¿æ§ã«ã€ããŠãèå¯ããå¿ èŠãããããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã¯æ¹å䞻矩ã§ãããæã ãçŸå®ãåµé ã§ãããšäž»åŒµãããããããããã¯ç¥ã®åœ¹å²ã人éã«ç§»ããšããæå³ãªã®ãïŒãŸããããã¯å®æçãªèŠç¹ãšã©ã®ããã«èª¿åããã®ãïŒ
BELOW_IS_LESS_INTERESTING
ãã·ãªã®ç 究ããŒãã®æçãšã®é¢é£æ§
ãã·ãªã®ç 究ããŒãã®æçã¯ãäž»ã«ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãšå人æ å ±ä¿è·ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãçŽæ¥çãªé¢é£æ§ã¯èŠã€ããããªãã£ãããããããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®èŠç¹ãããããã®åé¡ãèããããšã¯å¯èœã§ãããäŸãã°ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åé¡ã¯ãççãçµéšãéããŠæã ãæåãããèœåãšãããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®çç芳ã«é¢é£ããŠããããŸããå人æ å ±ä¿è·ã®åé¡ã¯ãäºå®ãšå®æãåç䞻矩ãšå®èšŒäž»çŸ©ã®éã®èª¿åãšãããã©ã°ããã£ãºã ã®åœ¹å²ã«é¢é£ããŠããã
extra info
titles: PRAGMATISM, Hatena2009-07-15, Hatena2009-08-25, Hatena2008-07-25, RegroupããMovideaãž, Neochi generated: 2023-08-18 02:51
previous notes
ð€PRAGMATISM ãã©ã°ããã£ãºã ðPRAGMATISM A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking By William James To the Memory of John Stuart Mill from whom I first learned the pragmatic openness of mind and whom my fancy likes to picture as our leader were he alive to-day.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5116/5116-h/5116-h.htm Lecture I. â The Present Dilemma in Philosophy Lecture II. â What Pragmatism Means Lecture III. â Some Metaphysical Problems Pragmatically Considered Lecture IV. â The One and the Many Lecture V. â Pragmatism and Common Sense Lecture VI. â Pragmatismâs Conception of Truth Lecture VII. â Pragmatism and Humanism Lecture VIII. â Pragmatism and Religion
Lecture I The Present Dilemma in Philosophy Chesterton quoted. Everyone has a philosophy. Temperament is a factor in all philosophizing. Rationalists and empiricists. The tender-minded and the tough-minded. Most men wish both facts and religion. Empiricism gives facts without religion. Rationalism gives religion without facts. The laymanâs dilemma. The unreality in rationalistic systems. Leibnitz on the damned, as an example. M. I. Swift on the optimism of idealists. Pragmatism as a mediating system. An objection. Reply: philosophies have characters like men, and are liable to as summary judgments. Spencer as an example. Lecture II What Pragmatism Means The squirrel. Pragmatism as a method. History of the method. Its character and affinities. How it contrasts with rationalism and intellectualism. A âcorridor theory.â Pragmatism as a theory of truth, equivalent to âhumanism.â Earlier views of mathematical, logical, and natural truth. More recent views. Schillerâs and Deweyâs âinstrumentalâ view. The formation of new beliefs. Older truth always has to be kept account of. Older truth arose similarly. The âhumanisticâ doctrine. Rationalistic criticisms of it. Pragmatism as mediator between empiricism and religion. Barrenness of transcendental idealism. How far the concept of the Absolute must be called true. The true is the good in the way of belief. The clash of truths. Pragmatism unstiffens discussion. Lecture III Some Metaphysical Problems Pragmatically Considered The problem of substance. The Eucharist. Berkeleyâs pragmatic treatment of material substance. Lockeâs of personal identity. The problem of materialism. Rationalistic treatment of it. Pragmatic treatment. âGodâ is no better than âMatterâ as a principle, unless he promise more. Pragmatic comparison of the two principles. The problem of design. âDesignâ per se is barren. The question is WHAT design. The problem of âfree-will.â Its relations to âaccountability.â Free-will a cosmological theory. The pragmatic issue at stake in all these problems is what do the alternatives PROMISE. Lecture IV The One and the Many Total reflection. Philosophy seeks not only unity, but totality. Rationalistic feeling about unity. Pragmatically considered, the world is one in many ways. One time and space. One subject of discourse. Its parts interact. Its oneness and manyness are co-ordinate. Question of one origin. Generic oneness. One purpose. One story. One knower. Value of pragmatic method. Absolute monism. Vivekananda. Various types of union discussed. Conclusion: We must oppose monistic dogmatism and follow empirical findings. Lecture V Pragmatism and Common Sense Noetic pluralism. How our knowledge grows. Earlier ways of thinking remain. Prehistoric ancestors DISCOVERED the common sense concepts. List of them. They came gradually into use. Space and time. âThings.â Kinds. âCauseâ and âlaw.â Common sense one stage in mental evolution, due to geniuses. The âcriticalâ stages: 1) scientific and 2) philosophic, compared with common sense. Impossible to say which is the more âtrue.â Lecture VI Pragmatismâs Conception of Truth The polemic situation. What does agreement with reality mean? It means verifiability. Verifiability means ability to guide us prosperously through experience. Completed verifications seldom needful. âEternalâ truths. Consistency, with language, with previous truths. Rationalist objections. Truth is a good, like health, wealth, etc. It is expedient thinking. The past. Truth grows. Rationalist objections. Reply to them. Lecture VII Pragmatism and Humanism The notion of THE Truth. Schiller on âHumanism.â Three sorts of reality of which any new truth must take account. To âtake accountâ is ambiguous. Absolutely independent reality is hard to find. The human contribution is ubiquitous and builds out the given. Essence of pragmatismâs contrast with rationalism. Rationalism affirms a transempirical world. Motives for this. Tough-mindedness rejects them. A genuine alternative. Pragmatism mediates. Lecture VIII Pragmatism and Religion Utility of the Absolute. Whitmanâs poem âTo You.â Two ways of taking it. My friendâs letter. Necessities versus possibilities. âPossibilityâ defined. Three views of the worldâs salvation. Pragmatism is melioristic. We may create reality. Why should anything BE? Supposedchoice before creation. The healthy and the morbid reply. The âtenderâand the âtoughâ types of religion. Pragmatism mediates.